Preliminary psychometric validation of the Urdu Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form: evidence for a Four-Factor Structure in Pakistani Adults
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Abstract
Objective: To translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue-SF) among adults in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional psychometric validation study was conducted from March to July 2022, among 100 healthy Urdu-speaking adults recruited from the community. The TEIQue-SF was translated using a forward–backward translation process and administered under standard conditions after informed consent. Item redundancy, sampling adequacy, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and provisional confirmatory factor analysis were assessed.
Results: The mean age of participants was 26.4±6.7 years, and 54% were women. Four redundant items were removed, resulting in a 26-item Urdu TEIQue-SF. Sampling adequacy was acceptable, with a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index of 0.66 and significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ² = 1240, p <0.001). Parallel analysis suggested five components; however, based on theoretical parsimony, principal component analysis with varimax rotation retained four factors: well-being, self-control, emotionality, and sociability. These factors collectively explained 62% of the total variance. Internal consistency was high, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93 and McDonald’s omega total of 0.96. Provisional higher-order confirmatory factor analysis showed suboptimal fit (CFI = 0.86, TLI = 0.84, RMSEA = 0.10, SRMR = 0.09), and the sample size was insufficient for definitive CFA.
Conclusion: The 26-item Urdu TEIQue-SF demonstrated high internal consistency and exploratory support for the expected four-factor structure. However, structural validity remains indeterminate due to limited sample size and suboptimal confirmatory fit. Further validation in a larger, demographically diverse sample is recommended.
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