Clinical epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Aran region of Azerbaijan
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Aran region of Azerbaijan.
Methods: This prospective, single-center longitudinal study was conducted at Neurology Center under the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan from January 2013 to December 2022. Patients from the Aran region were evaluated using standardized national diagnostic protocols based on the 2010 McDonald criteria. Of 267 individuals assessed, 241 with confirmed MS were included. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, and epidemiological indicators were collected. Incidence and prevalence rates per 100,000 population were calculated and age-standardized using World, European, and national reference populations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version-27.
Results: Of the 241 patients, 150 (62.2%) were women and 91 (37.8%) were men. Mean age at diagnosis was 35.91±8.16 years, higher in men than women (p<0.05). The mean diagnostic delay was 5.90±5.27 years and was longer in rural residents (p=0.009). Relapsing-remitting MS was the predominant clinical subtype, observed in 190 patients (78.8%). The 10-year average incidence rate was 1.13±0.26 per 100,000 population, with no significant differences by gender or residence. By the end of 2022, the overall prevalence was 13.49±0.88 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 11.75–15.22), higher in women and urban populations (p<0.001). The highest prevalence was recorded in Central Aran Economic Region (16.20±1.50 per 100,000 population).
Conclusion: MS in Aran region shows moderate prevalence with female predominance, relapsing-remitting dominance, and diagnostic delays, particularly in rural populations. Findings highlight the disparities and need for improved access to neurological services and earlier referral.
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