Prevalence of flatfoot among children aged 5-10 years: A population-based descriptive cross-sectional study
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of flatfoot among children aged 5-10 years.
METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2021, involving 379 children (aged 5-10 years) in Jhelum and Gujrat districts of Pakistan. Data was collected through non-probability convenient sampling using a questionnaire. Demographic data, including residential type, gender, age, height, weight, rear foot angle, flatfoot, injury, or pain in the lower limb were collected. The presence of flatfoot was determined using a footprint test, where inked soles were imprinted on paper as children stood.
RESULTS: Of 379 participants, 196 (51.7%) were female and 183 (49.3%) were males, with a mean age of 7.90±1.60 years. The majority (59.6%) resided in urban areas, and 53.6% had normal weight and only 12.4% were overweight. Flatfoot was prevalent in 63.9% of children, with males exhibiting a significantly higher medial arch than females. Notably, a slight positive association was observed between gender, residence, and BMI with the medial arch, although statistical significance was not reached. These findings underscore the gender-related distinctions in arch development among pediatric populations in this region.
CONCLUSION: The study revealed a 63.9% prevalence of flatfoot in children aged 5-10 years, notably higher in males with elevated medial arches. Moreover, the prevalence of flatfoot was particularly high among normal-weight children. The findings emphasize gender-related distinctions in pediatric flatfoot development, warranting further research and targeted interventions.
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