MAXILLARY PREMOLAR TEETH: ROOT AND CANAL STEREOSCOPY
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to identify and compare the variations in the root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in the local population.
METHODS: Maxillary premolars (n=210) were collected from local population from six hospitals and clinics of two cities i.e. Peshawar and Kohat, Pakistan. The demographics collected from the patients included linguistic ethnicity and gender. External morphological parameters; length, root form, mesial surface depression, were observed by the naked eye. These were then observed under stereomicroscope to identify the internal root morphology including canal form, lateral canals, and canal isthmi.
RESULTS: Common root form of first premolars was two rooted (70 %) while second premolars were single rooted (81%). Mesial surface depression was more common in first premolars (76%) than second premolars (36%) p<0.001. In first premolars common canal configuration was Type IV (62%) and type II (9.5%) while in second premolars type I (20%), II (35%), IV (11.4%) and type VI (24.8%) configuration were commonly found. Lateral canals and canal isthmi were a lesser common finding in both types of teeth.
CONCLUSION: Canal configuration of first premolars was most commonly type IV while that of second premolar was type I, II, VI and IV in our population. This indicates that second premolar has more diversity in canal configuration.
Article Details
Work published in KMUJ is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online
(e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Vertucci F, Seelig A, Gillis R. Root canal morphology of the human maxillary second premolar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974;38:456-64. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(74)90374-0.
Pécora JD, Sousa Neto MD, Saquy PC, Woelfel JB. In vitro study of root canal anatomy of maxillary. Braz Dent J 1993;3(2):81-5.
Cheung L, Lam J. Apicectomy of posterior teeth—a clinical study. Australian Dent J 1993;38:7-21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1993.tb05446.x.
Levander E, Malmgren O. Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: A study of upper incisors. EurJ Orthod 1988;10(1),30-8. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/10.1.30.
Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CCS. The Root and Root Canal Morphology of the Human Mandibular First Premolar: A Literature Review. J Endod 2007;33:509-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.12.004.
Sert S, Bayirli GS. Evaluation of the root canal configurations of the mandibular and maxillary permanent teeth by gender in the Turkish population. J Endod 2004;30:391-8. DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200406000-00004.
Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Topics 2005;10:3-29. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2005.00129.x.
Awawdeh LA, Al‐Qudah AA. Root form and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Jordanian population. Int Endod J 2008;41:240-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01348.x.
Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Ahuja R, Subbarao CV. Root and canal morphology of Indian maxillary premolars by a modified root canal staining technique. Odontology 2011;99:18-21. DOI: 10.1007/s10266-010-0137-0.
Stojicic S, Zivkovic S, Qian W, Zhang H, Haapasalo M. Tissue Dissolution by Sodium Hypochlorite: Effect of Concentration, Temperature, Agitation, and Surfactant. J Endod 2010;36(9):1558-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.06.021.
Evans M, Davies JK, Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to calcium hydroxide. Int Endod J 2002;35:221-8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00504.x.
Rehman K, Khan F, Habib S. Diaphonization: A Recipe to Study Teeth. J contemp Dent Pract 2015;16,248-51. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1670.
Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984;58:589-99. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(84)90085-9.
Özcan E, Çolak H, Hamidi MM. Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in a Turkish population. J Dent Sci 2012;7:390-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.09.003.
Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Subbarao CV. Comparative evaluation of modified canal staining and clearing technique, cone-beam computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, and plain and contrast medium–enhanced digital radiography in studying root canal morphology. J Endod 2010;36(9):1547-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.05.008.
Robertson D, Leeb IJ, Mckee M, Brewer E. A clearing technique for the study of root canal systems. J Endod 1980;6(1):421-4. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(80)80218-4.
Andreasen J, Paulsen H, Yu , Bayer T. A long-term study of 370 autotransplanted premolars. Part IV. Root development subsequent to transplantation. Eur J Orthod 1990;12(1):38-50. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/12.1.38.
Thanyakarn C, Hansen K, Rohlin M, Akesson L. Measurements of tooth length in panoramic radiographs. 1. The use of indicators. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1992;21(1):26-30. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.21.1.1397447.
Çalişkan MK, Pehlivan Y, Sepetçioğlu F, Türkün M, Tuncer SŞ. Root canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Turkish population. J Endod 1995;21:200-4. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80566-2.
Kim E, Fallahrastegar A, Hur Y-Y, Jung I-Y, Kim S, Lee S-J. Difference in root canal length between Asians and Caucasians. Int Endod J 2005;38(3):149-51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00881.x.
Pecora JD, Saquy P, Sousa Neto M, Woelfel J. Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars. Braz Dent J 1991;2:87-94.
Black GV. Descriptive anatomy of the human teeth. 2nd edition. 1892. Wilmington Dental Manufacturing Co. Philadelphia
Tsukiyama T, Marcushamer E, Griffin TJ, Arguello E, Magne P, Gallucci GO. Comparison of the anatomic crown width/length ratios of unworn and worn maxillary teeth in Asian and white subjects. J Prosth Dent 2012;107(1):1-16. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(12)60009-2.
Gupta S, Sinha DJ, Gowhar O, Tyagi SP, Singh NN, Gupta S. Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolar teeth in north Indian population using clearing technique: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2015;18(3):232-6. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.157260.
Walker RT. Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars in a southern Chinese population. Endod Dent Traumatol 1987;3(3):130-4 (1987). DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00614.x.
Pineda F, Kuttler Y. Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7,275 root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;33(1):101-10 (1972). DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(72)90214-9.
Vertucci FJ, Gegauff A. Root canal morphology of the maxillary first premolar. J Am Dent Assoc 1979;99(2):194-8. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1979.0255.
Kartal N, Özçelik B, Cimilli H. Root canal morphology of maxillary premolars. J Endod 24(6), 417-9. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80024-1.
Chaparro AJ, Segura JJ, Guerrero E, Jiménez-Rubio A, Murillo C, Feito JJ. Number of roots and canals in maxillary first premolars: study of an Andalusian population. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999;15:65-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00755.x.
Atieh MA. Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in a Saudi population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9(1):46-53.
Al-Ghananeem MM, Haddadin K, Al-Khreisat AS, Al-Weshah M, Al-Habahbeh N. The number of roots and canals in the maxillary second premolars in a group of jordanian population. Int J Dent 2014;797692. DOI: 10.1155/2014/797692.
Trope M, Elfenbein L, Tronstad L. Mandibular premolars with more than one root canal in different race groups. J Endod 1986;12(8):343-5. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(86)80035-8.
Abella F, Teixidó LM, Patel S, Sosa F, Duran-Sindreu F, Roig M. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Spanish population. J Endod 2015;41(8):1241-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.026.
Zhang R, Wang H, Tian Y-Y, Yu X, Hu T, Dummer PMH. Use of cone‐beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular molars in Chinese individuals. Int EndodJ 2011;44(11):990-9. (2011). DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01904.x.
Bellizzi R, Hartwell G. Radiographic evaluation of root canal anatomy of in vivo endodontically treated maxillary premolars. J Endod 1985;11(1):37-9. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(85)80104-7.
Gher ME, Vernino AR. Root morphology—clinical significance in pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal disease. J Am Dent Assoc 1980;101(4):627-33. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1980.0372.
Kuttler Y. Microscopic investigation of root apexes. J Am Dent Assoc 1955;50(5):544-52. DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1955.0099.