THE OUTCOME OF LOWER LIMB STRENGTH TRAINING IN CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC DIPLEGIA
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of progressive strength training on gross motor function in cerebral palsy children with spastic diplegia in local clinical setup at Lahore Pakistan.
METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was performed in Children Hospital Lahore Pakistan on 45 cerebral palsy patients with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) 1-3. Patients were selected through convenient sampling technique. Three sessions of strength training per week for 12 consecutive weeks was given. The resistance was increased according to level of strength of each child calculated by one repetition maximum. Gross Motor Function Measure 88 was used as outcome measure. Pre and post-intervention mean score was compared by using Wilcoxon-signed rank test.
RESULTS: Out of 45 cerebral palsy children, 31 (68.9%) were males and 14 (31.1%) were females. Difference of 4.2 (p<0.01) was observed between pre and post-intervention mean score after the 12 weeks strength-training program. There were 17 (37.8%) patients with age <10 years and 28 (62.2%) patients with ≥10 years of age. Out of 45 participants one (2.2%) had a GMFCS score of 1 and 16 (35.6%) had a GMFCS score of 2. Remaining 28 (62.2%) participants had a GMFCS score of 3. P value <0.05 showed that there was significant increase in post training score.
CONCLUSION: Progressive strength training on gross motor function in cerebral palsy children with diplegia is helpful in improving the strength and physical ability of children in our local clinical setup. Improvement was observed more in children aging less than ten years.
Article Details
Work published in KMUJ is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online
(e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Quinby JM, Abraham A. Musculoskeletal problems in cerebral palsy. Curr Paediatr 2005;15(1):9-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cupe.2004.10.002.
Colver A, Gibson M, Hey E, Jarvis S, Mackie P, Richmond S. Increasing rates of cerebral palsy across the severity spectrum in north-east England 1964–1993. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000;83(1):F7-F12. DOI: 10.1136/fn.83.1.f7.
Loo M. Integrative Medicine for Children: Saunders/Elsevier; 2009.
Scholtes VA, Dallmeijer AJ, Rameckers EA, Verschuren O, Tempelaars E, Hensen M, et al. Lower limb strength training in children with cerebral palsy–a randomized controlled trial protocol for functional strength training based on progressive resistance exercise principles. BMC Pediatr 2008 Oct 8;8:41. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-8-41.
Nordmark E, Hägglund G, Lagergren J. Cerebral palsy in southern Sweden II. Gross motor function and disabilities. Acta Paediatr 2001 Nov;90(11):1277-82. DOI: 10.1080/080352501317130326.
Alshryda S, Wright J. Development and Reliability of a System to Classify Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Classic Papers in Orthopaedics: Springer; 2014. p. 575-7. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-5451-8_152.
Beckung E, Hagberg G. Neuroimpairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002 May;44(5):309-16. DOI: 10.1017/s0012162201002134.
Liao HF, Jeny SF, Lai JS, Cheng CK, Hu MH. The relation between standing balance and walking function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997 Feb;39(2):106-12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07392.x.
Bell KJ, Ounpuu S, DeLuca PA, Romness MJ. Natural progression of gait in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 2002 Sep-Oct;22(5):677-82.
Bottos M, Feliciangeli A, Sciuto L, Gericke C, Vianello A. Functional status of adults with cerebral palsy and implications for treatment of children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001 Aug;43(8):516-28. DOI: 10.1017/s0012162201000950.
Hirtz D, Thurman D, Gwinn-Hardy K, Mohamed M, Chaudhuri A, Zalutsky R. How common are the “common” neurologic disorders? Neurology 2007;68(5):326-37. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000252807.38124.a3.
Damiano DL, Abel MF. Relation of gait analysis to gross motor function in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996;38(5):389-96. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15097.x.
Rodda J, Graham HK. Classification of gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia and spastic diplegia: a basis for a management algorithm. Eur J Neurol 2001;8 Suppl 5:98-108.
Franki I, Desloovere K, De Cat J, Feys H, Molenaers G, Calders P, et al. The evidence-base for conceptual approaches and additional therapies targeting lower limb function in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review using the ICF as a framework. J Rehab Med 2012;44(5):396-405. DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0984
Damiano DL, Kelly LE, Vaughn CL. Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia. Phys Ther 1995;75(8):658-67. DOI: 10.1093/ptj/75.8.658.
Blundell S, Shepherd R, Dean C, Adams R, Cahill B. Functional strength training in cerebral palsy: a pilot study of a group circuit training class for children aged 4–8 years. Clin Rehab 2003;17(1):48-57. DOI: 10.1191/0269215503cr584oa.
Dodd KJ, Taylor NF, Graham HK. A randomized clinical trial of strength training in young people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003 Oct;45(10):652-7. DOI: 10.1017/s0012162203001221.
Ross SA, Engsberg JR. Relationships between spasticity, strength, gait, and the GMFM-66 in persons with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88(9):1114-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.011
Guy JA, Micheli LJ. Strength training for children and adolescents. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001;9(1):29-36.
Kraemer WJ, Adams K, Cafarelli E, Dudley GA, Dooly C, Feigenbaum MS, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34(2):364-80. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200202000-00027.
Liao HF, Liu YC, Liu WY, Lin YT. Effectiveness of loaded sit-to-stand resistance exercise for children with mild spastic diplegia: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88(1):25-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.006.
Ramsay JA, Blimkie CJ, Smith K, Garner S, MacDougall JD, Sale DG. Strength training effects in prepubescent boys. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22(5):605-14. DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199010000-00011.
Verschuren O, Ketelaar M, Takken T, Helders PJ, Gorter JW. Exercise programs for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008;87(5):404-17. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31815b2675.
Ko J, Kim M. Reliability and responsiveness of the gross motor function measure-88 in children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther 2013;93(3):393-400. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20110374.
Blundell SW, Shepherd RB, Dean CM, Adams RD, Cahill BM. Functional strength training in cerebral palsy: a pilot study of a group circuit training class for children aged 4–8 years. Clin Rehabil 2003 Feb;17(1):48-57. DOI: 10.1191/0269215503cr584oa
Morton JF, Brownlee M, McFadyen AK. The effects of progressive resistance training for children with cerebral palsy. Clin Rehabil 2005;19(3):283-9. DOI: 10.1191/0269215505cr804oa.
Dodd KJ, Taylor NF, Damiano DL. A systematic review of the effectiveness of strength-training programs for people with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83(8):1157-64. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2002.34286.
Scholtes VA, Dallmeijer AJ, Knol DL, Speth LA, Maathuis CG, Jongerius PH. Effect of multilevel botulinum toxin a and comprehensive rehabilitation on gait in cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol 2007 Jan;36(1):30-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.09.010.