EFFECT OF AJWA DATE SEED ON LIPID PROFILE OF DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC RABBITS
Main Article Content
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antihyperlipedemic effect of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera) seed on serum lipid levels of diet induced hyperlipidemic rabbits.
METHODS: This randomized controlled study of six months’ duration was carried out at Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore after obtaining permission from institutional ethical committee. Sample size was calculated at 90% power of study and 5% level of significance. Male rabbits, 32 in number weighing between 0.9-1.3 kg were divided into four groups normal control (NC), high fat diet (HFD), HFD+2%Ajwa date seed powder (HFD+2%A) and HFD+4% Ajwa date seed powder (HFD+4%A) having 8 rabbits in each group. Group NC took normal diet while all other groups were given high fat diet for whole 12 weeks. After 4 weeks groups HFD+2%A and HFD+4%A; were given diet containing Ajwa date seed powder 2gm and 4gm per 100 gm of high fat diet respectively for next 8 weeks. Lipid profile was done at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks.
RESULTS: Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is increased while serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), atherogenic index of plasma and LDL/HDL ratio decreased significantly in both treatment groups. At 8th week HFD+4%A was more effective than HFD+2%A but at 12th week both were equally effective.
CONCLUSION: Ajwa date seeds were effective in improving the lipid profile despite high fat diet.
KEY WORDS: Diet, High-Fat (MeSH), Dyslipidemias (MeSH), Phoeniceae (MeSH), Ajwa Date Seed (Non-MeSH), Seeds (MeSH), Phoenix dactylifera (MeSH).
Article Details
Work published in KMUJ is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Nelson RH. Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Prim Care 2013 Mar;40(1):195-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
Aslan T, Erden,A, Karagoz H, Karahan S, Aykas F, Uslu E et al. An acute edematous pancreatitis case developed on the basis of hypertriglyceridemia. Med Arh 2013; 67 (4); 295-6.
Kota SK, Krishna SVS, Lakhtakia S, Modi KD. Metabolic pancreatitis: Etiopathogenesis and management. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013 Sep;17(5):799-805. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.117208.
Egan BM, Li J, Qanungo S, Wolfman TE. Blood pressure and cholesterol control in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic patients: nationalhealth and nutrition examination surveys 1988-2010. Circulation 2013 Jul 2;128(1):29-41. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000500.
Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Pearson GJ, Barry AR, Couture P, Dawes M et al. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Can J Cardiol 2016 Nov;32(11):1263-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510. Epub 2016 Jul 25
Subramoniam A. Present scenario, challenges and future perspectives in plant based medicine development. Ann Phytomed 2014; 3(1):31-6.
Platat C, Habib HM, Al Maqbali FD, Jaber NN, Ibrahim WH. Identification of date seeds varieties patterns to optimize nutritional benefits of date seeds. J Nutr Food Sci 2014; S8:008. DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.S8-008
Mallhi TH, Qadir MI, Ali M, Ahmad B, Khan YH, Rehman AU. Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera) - An emerging plant in pharmacological research. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014 May; 27(3):607-16
Juhaimi FA, Ghafoor K, Özcan MM. Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenol and mineral profile of seeds of seven different date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012 Feb;63(1):84-9. DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.598851. Epub 2011 Jul 15
Assirey EAR. Nutritional composition of fruit of 10 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia. J Taibah Uni Sci 2015;9(1):75-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.07.002
Saleh EA, Tawfik MS, Abu-Tarboush MA. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits from Saudi Arabia. Food Nutri Sci 2011;2(10):1134-41. DOI: 10.4236/fns.2011.210152
Rahmani AH, Aly SM, Ali H, Babiker AY, Srikar S, Khan AA. Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity Int J Clin Exp Med 2014 Mar 15; 7(3): 483–91.
Vembu S, Sivanasan D, Prasanna G. Effect of Phoenix dactylifera on high fat diet induced obesity. J Chem Pharm Res 2012; 4(1): 348-52.
Ali MM, Arumugam SB. Effect of crude extracts of Bombyx mori coccoons in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. J Avurveda Integr Med 2011 Apr;2(2):72-8. DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.82527.
Dinani NJ, Asgary A, Madani H, Naderi G, Mahzoni P. Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of Artemisia aucheri in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 2010 Jul; 23(3):321-5.
Onat A, Can G, Kaya H, Hergenç G. “Atherogenic index of plasma” (log10 triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein−cholesterol) predicts high blood pressure, diabetes, and vascular events. J Clin Lipidol 2010 Mar-Apr;4(2):89-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2010.02.005. Epub 2010 Feb 12
Kobayashi T, Ito T, Shiomi M. Role of WHHL rabbits in translational research on hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases. J Biomed Biotech 2011;2011:406473. DOI: 10.1155/2011/406473. Epub 2011 Apr 19
Ojiako AO, Chikezie PC, Zedech UC. Serum lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rabbits (Lepus townsendii) treated with leaf extracts of Hibiscus rosesinesis, Emilia coccinea, Acanthus montanus and Asystasia gangetica. J Med Plants Res 2013; 7(43): 3226-31. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2013.5281
McBride P. Triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008 Oct;10(5):386-90.
Gunay S, Sariaydin M, Acay A. New predictor of atherosclerosis in subjects with COPD: Atherogenic indices. Respir Care 2016 Nov;61(11):1481-7. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
Leiter LA, Betteridge DJ, Farnier M, Guyton JR, Lin J, Shah A et al. Lipid-altering efficacy and safety profile of combination therapy with ezetimibe/statin vs. statin monotherapy in patients with and without diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Jul; 13(7):615-28. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01383.x
Michos ED, Sibley CT, Baer JT, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS. Niacin and statin combination therapy for atherosclerosis regression and prevention of cardiovascular disease events: Reconciling the AIM-HIGH (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes) Trial with previous surrogate endpoint trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Jun 5;59(23):2058-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.045. Epub 2012 Apr 18.
Hasan M, Mohieldein A. In vivo evaluation of anti diabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative activities of Saudi date seed extract on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Mar;10(3):FF06-12. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16879.7419. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
Arshad FK, Haroon R, Jelani S, Masood HB. A relative in vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential profile of extracts from pits of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Ajwa and Zahedi dates). Int J Adv Inf Sci Technol 2015; 35(35):28-37.
Osman M. Effect of al-ajwa date polyphenol extract on plasma and liver lipid and antioxidantt enzymes in hypercholesterolemic rats (829.21). FASEB J. 2014;28(1) Supplement: 829.21.