1. Editorial Office:
  • Conducts initial administrative screening to ensure completeness of submission files (author forms, ethics approval, fee receipt, etc.).
  • Returns incomplete submissions to authors for correction before further processing.
  1. Editor / Handling Editor:
  • Performs technical and content triage to assess scope, originality, and scientific merit.
  • Makes initial editorial decisions (reject, return for revision, or send for external review).
  • Selects and invites appropriate peer reviewers.
  • Evaluates reviewer feedback and makes final recommendations for acceptance, revision, or rejection.
  • Ensures that all editorial actions comply with COPE and ICMJE ethical standards.
  1. Editorial Board Members:
  • May serve as subject experts for triage or peer review.
  • Advise the Editor-in-Chief on policy, scope, and publication standards.
  • May participate in rapid review or in adjudicating conflicting reviewer opinions.
  1. Chief Editor:
  • Has the final authority for all editorial decisions, including acceptance or rejection.
  • Ensures editorial independence, integrity, and adherence to journal policies.
  • Oversees resolution of ethical issues and complaints, as per COPE flowcharts.
  1. Managing Editor:
  • The Managing Editor (ME) functions as the operational lead of the journal’s editorial process.
  • They ensure smooth manuscript flow from submission to publication, maintain communication with authors, reviewers, and editors, and uphold adherence to journal policies, timelines, and ethical standards.
  • While the Editor-in-Chief has final authority on editorial decisions, the Managing Editor ensures efficient execution of these decisions.
  1. Copyeditor / Production Team:
  • Responsible for formatting, grammar, and technical consistency after acceptance.
  • Prepares final galley proofs and coordinates author approval before publication.